Rimsha soomro biography of mahatma

Soomro

Sindhi tribe in India and Pakistan

This article is about the tribe. For the dynasty established by the tribe, see Soomra dynasty. For other uses, see Soomro (disambiguation).

Soomro (Sindhi: سومرو&#;, Devanagari: सूमरो), Soomra,Sumrah or Sumra is a tribe having a local origin in Sindh.

They are found in Sindh, parts of Punjab especially bordering Sindh, Balochistan province, and the Kutch district of the Indian state of Gujarat and also Rajasthan.[2][3][5] The Soomras ruled throughout the Sindh and Multan regions.[6]

The Soomro tribe established the Soomra dynasty in CE, which re-established native Sindhi rule over Sindh since the Arab conquests.[2] Many members of the Soomro caste were one of the first in Sindh to convert to Islam from Hinduism but initially continued to maintain several Hindu customs and traditions.[3][2]

Origins

Many authors have presented conflicting accounts of Soomro's origins.

Michel Boivin adds that:

The Sūmras are believed to be SodhaRajputs who embraced Islam through Ismāʿilī influence. After conversion, they adopted the name Sūmra.[7]

Maulai Shedai, a local researcher, believes Soomra are ParmarRajputs.[2][3] But Ahmad Hasan Dani claims "of this there is no definite proof" and adds that it is almost certain the tribe has local origins as the kings bore local names.[8] M.

H. Panhwar, a Sindhologist, also rejects a Rajput origin and attributes its to James Todd but still accepts native origin.[9] Some writers have detailed about a subdivision in Jats with the name "Sumra".[10][11] But Historian André Wink has mentioned that the Soomras were not Jats.[12]

He has also explained that Soomras who were of local Sindhi origin and had been semi-independent rulers after the death of Mahmud of Ghazni were different to pastoral-nomadic Jats or Meds.

As per him, rise of Soomras was one of the factor in movement of the Jats of lower Sindh towards north.[13] Ghulam Hussain and others argue that the Soomros and other native tribes indigenous to Sindh slowly began to 'Ashrafize' themselves by remaking their genealogies to further associate themselves with Syeds whom they possibly intermarried and acquired power through.[14][3]

According to Tarikh Waqa`i Rajisthan, Soomras were ParmarRajputs.[3][15]

Pre-eminent Sindhi scholar Nabi Baksh Baloch tried to reconcile all different conflicting accounts of Soomra origin.

He considered Soomras, a hybrid race that was mix of Sindhi-Arab blood, emerged after the Umayyad caliphSulayman ibn Abd al-Malik’s decree asking Arab officers posted in Sindh to settle in the land permanently. Consequently they took Sindhi wives and subsequently married their daughters in Sindhi families.[3] Hence, Dr.

Baloch writes that:

Soomras were descendents of these hybrid princes, whose ancestors, according to common legend, were either Arabs or their grand-sons on the mothers’ side.[3][16]

Clans

Āsoo, Āripotra, Amrani, Alyasani, Buja (Baja), Bāghul, Babrani, Bhayani, Bhein, Bheinan, Bheiyani, Bākhri, Bhākhri, Bhāra, Bharpotra, Bhutani/Bhootani, Chhora, Chhutta, Chatta, Chattani, Chhatani, Chhodawar, Chāki, Dodai, Dodani, Dodepotra, Dhakkar, Dhukar, Dāsra, Dāgha/Dāga, Donar, Danoor, Detha, Dhakan, Dakan, Dakhan, Dowar, Farās, Galahi/Gulahi, Gan, Gāgnani, Gurchani, Gārhepotra, Hamir, Hamirani, Hamad, Halepotro, Holiani/Holani, Hassanpotra, Hamopotro/Hamupotro, Heesani, Heesbani, Hayatani, Hasnani, Issani, Inayatani, Jafrani, Jumrani, Jamrani, Jamarani, Jassani, Junsani, Jonsani, Jothia, Jiya, Jiyepotra, Jakhri, Jakhrepotra, Junejani, Kākar, Kachelo, Karmati, Kalhia/Kolhia, Kandipotra, Khafif, Khafipotra, Kula, Khebta, Khunbhati, Khenera, Khairani, Kala, Khato, Kukusaba, Kokri/Kaksia, Khuhawar, Lākhoria, Landar, Ladha, Luhār, Mundra, Matu, Muja, Matupotra, Marzani, Muhammadpotro, Markan, Markanda, Markhand, Mastani, Mutkani/Matkani, Mirnani, Mirani, Mirzani, Matoi, Mahumia, Motipotra, Mundarpotra, Nurungpotra, Nurungzada, Niroti, Nangarpotra, Porgar, Panjani, Qiyasani, Ratar, Rukan, Raknani, Rainani, Rehanpotra, Rawa/Rawani, Rabu/Rabo, Rangrez, Sākroi, Sāmtio, Samathia, Sābra, Shaikhjapotra, Sākhpotra/Eshaqpotra, Supiya, Sānund, Shaja, Sathia, Sakriani/Sākriani, Sathian, Sāthani, Samisa, Sapiya, Saidha, Sājnani, Sanhiyan, Sanwand, Tāi, Tāipotra, Usta/Osta, Umarpotra, Umarani, Wāhara, Wardali.[17]

References

  1. ^Boivin, Michel (16 September ).

    "Indigenous People of Sindh".

    Rimsha soomro biography of mahatma gandhi Education System in. Over the course of the day march, thousands of Indians joined him, drawing international attention to the Indian independence movement and the injustices of British rule. Gandhi's l. The movement gained significant momentum but also led to the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre , where British troops fired on a peaceful gathering, resulting in hundreds of deaths.

    Brill's Encyclopedia of the Religions of the Indigenous People of South Asia Online. Brill.

  2. ^ abcde"The Arab Conquest". International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics.

    36 (1):

  3. ^ abcdefghSiddiqui, Habibullah. "The Soomras of Sindh: their origin, main characteristics and rule – an overview (general survey) ( – AD)"(PDF).

    Literary Conference on Soomra Period in Sindh.

  4. ^Molai, Rahim Dad Khan. "Jannat Sindh - Sindhi Adabi Board Online Library (History)". . Archived from the original on Retrieved
  5. ^Sen, Sailendra (). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History.

    Item 1 of 5: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and his followers faced imprisonment for their acts. People ought to work with their hands, should try to learn a craft, and also know how the operation of different things takes place. She accomplished the historic feat of founding the first school for females, as we know, work. The world was plunged into sorrow on 30 January , when Mahatma Gandhi, the revered father of the Indian nation, met his tragic end.

    Primus Books. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  6. ^Wink, André (1 January ). "Garrison, Plain and March". Al-Hind, Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11thth Centuries. 2. Brill: – doi/_
  7. ^Boivin, Michel (16 September ). "Indigenous People of Sindh". Brill's Encyclopedia of the Religions of the Indigenous People of South Asia Online.

    Brill.

  8. ^Dani, Ahmad Hasan (). History of Pakistan: Pakistan through ages. Sang-e Meel Publications. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Panhwar, M.H.; Soomra National Council (Pakistan) (). An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Soomra Kingdom of Sindh: AD. Soomra National Council, Pakistan. p.&#;26 (on pdf).

    Mohandas Gandhi ‑ Biography, Facts & Beliefs - HISTORY Gandhi's meals centered on fresh vegetables, curd, fruits, seeds, and nuts. He backed off after violence broke out—including the massacre by British-led soldiers of some Indians attending a meeting at Amritsar—but only temporarily, and by he was the most visible figure in the movement for Indian independence. By elevating the issue of untouchability, Gandhi sought to unify the Indian people under the banner of social justice, making the independence movement a struggle for both political freedom and social equality. After Partition in , he continued to work toward peace between Hindus and Muslims.

    Retrieved

  10. ^Khan, H.A.; Choonara, S. (). Re-Thinking Punjab: The Construction of Siraiki Identity. Research and Publication Centre (RPC), National College of Arts. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved
  11. ^Bhatia, S. (). Social Change and Politics in Punjab, . Enkay Publishers.

    Rimsha soomro biography of mahatma Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha was based on true principles and non-violence. In Indian history, he is considered the most prominent personality and as the simplest person who wears a dhoti. He was the youngest child of Karamchand Gandhi, the dewan chief minister of Porbandar, and his fourth wife, Putlibai. Read more.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved

  12. ^Wink, André (). Al-hind: The Making of the Indo-islamic World. BRILL. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    Biography of mahatma gandhi What kind of Experience do you want to share? More info. When a European magistrate in Durban asked him to take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. His simplistic lifestyle admired, both in India and the outside world.

  13. ^Wink, André (). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Thth Centuries. BRILL. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  14. ^Hussain, Ghulam (). "Dalits are in India, not in Pakistan: Exploring the Discursive Bases of the Denial of Dalitness under the Ashrafia Hegemony".

    Journal of Asian and African Studies.

  16. See full list on history.com
  17. See full list on history.com

    18. 55 (1). SAGE Publications: doi/ ISSN&#; S2CID&#;

  18. ^Molai, Rahim Dad Khan. "Jannat Sindh - Sindhi Adabi Board Online Library (History)". .

  19. Rimsha Soomro - Facebook
  20. Mahatma Gandhi - Wikipedia
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    24. Archived from the original on Retrieved

  24. ^"Soomran Jo Daur - Sindhi Adabi Board Online Library (History)". . Retrieved
  25. ^Khair Mohammad Buriro Sewhani (). ذاتين جي انسائيڪلوپيڊيا (in Sindhi). p.&#;