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    • Jan Ernst Matzeliger

    Dutch inventor

    Jan Ernst Matzeliger (September 15, – August 24, ) was a Surinamese-American inventor whose automated lasting machine brought significant change to the manufacturing of shoes. The United Shoe Machinery Corporation company was founded to make his shoe making devices.

    Biography

    Matzeliger was born in Dutch Guiana, now Suriname. His father, Ernst Carel Martzilger jr.

    Jan matzeliger biography invention ideas At 19, he went to sea on an East Indian merchant ship. He spent only five or six cents a day on food in order to conserve money for his experiments, and he sacrificed sleep. When the ship docked in Philadelphia, Matzeliger decided to take up residence in the town. In , Matzeliger became determined to devise a machine to perform this manual operation.

    (–), was a third generation Dutchman of German descent living in the Dutch Guiana capital city of Paramaribo. He owned and operated the Colonial Shipworks that had been in his family for three generations. His mother was a house slave of African descent; she lived on the plantation of which his father was the owner for a time. At the age of ten, Jan Matzeliger was apprenticed in the Colonial Ship Works in Paramaribo, where he demonstrated a natural aptitude for machinery and mechanics.

    He left Dutch Guiana at age 19, and worked as a mechanic on a Dutch East Indies merchant ship for several years before settling in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he first learned the shoe trade. By , he spoke adequate English (Dutch was his native tongue) and moved to Massachusetts to pursue his interest in the shoe industry.

    He eventually went to work in the Harney Brothers Shoe factory.

    In the early days of shoemaking, shoes were made mainly by hand. For proper fit, the customer's feet had to be duplicated in size and form by creating a stone or wooden mold called a "last" from which the shoes were sized and shaped.

    Jan matzeliger biography invention ideas images Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. Jane Croly. Nikola Tesla. At 19, he left Suriname to see the world as a sailor on an East Indian merchant ship.

    Since the greatest difficulty in shoemaking was the actual assembly of the soles to the upper shoe, it required great skill to tack and sew the two components together. It was thought that such intricate work could only be done by skilled human hands. As a result, this phase was not yet mechanized and shoe lasters held great power over the shoe industry.

    They would hold work stoppages without regard for their fellow workers' desires, resulting in long periods of unemployment for them.[1]

    After five years of work, Matzeliger obtained a patent for his invention of an automated shoe laster in [2] A skilled hand laster could produce 50 pairs in a ten-hour day.[3] Matzeliger's machine could produce between and pairs of shoes a day, cutting shoe prices across the nation in half.[2]

    Death and legacy

    Matzeliger sacrificed his health working exhausting hours on his invention and not eating over long periods of time.

    He caught a cold which quickly developed into tuberculosis.[1] His early death in Lynn, Massachusetts from this disease meant he never saw the full profit of his invention.

    Jan matzeliger: Sixty-five years later, the company was worth over one billion dollars. In , Matzeliger moved to Lynn, Massachusetts, to seek work in the town's rapidly growing shoe industry. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. University of Houston.

    He died on August 24, , three weeks shy of his 37th birthday.

    Matzeliger's invention was perhaps "the most important invention for New England." His invention was "the greatest forward step in the shoe industry," according to the church bulletin of The First Church of Christ (the same church that took him as a member) as part of a commemoration held in in his honor.

    Yet, because of the color of his skin, he was not mentioned in the history books until recently.[1][4] In fact, contemporaries referred to him as the "Dutch nigger" and his machine as the "niggerhead laster,"[5][6] a term used in the apparel industry at the time for a certain type of fabric.[7]

    A cent US postal stamp was issued on September 15, , in honor of Matzeliger.

    Designed by Barbara Higgins Bond, the stamp depicts Matzeliger and is a part of the Black Heritage Stamp Series.[8]

    Patents

    • ,, 3/20/, Automatic method for lasting shoe[9]
    • ,, 2/25/, Nailing machine
    • ,, 3/25/, Tack separating and distributing mechanism
    • ,, 9/22/, Lasting machine
    • ,, 11/26/, Mechanism for distributing tacks, nails, etc.

    See also

    References

    1. ^ abc"Now Everyone Can Afford Decent Shoes".

      Jan matzeliger biography invention ideas for kids Matzeliger took night classes and studied English on his own to improve his fluency. This invention also helped standardise shoe production, leading to the modern mass production techniques we see today. The result was the employment of more unskilled workers and the proliferation of low-cost, high-quality footwear for people around the world. History Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Jan Matzeliger.

      Archived from the original on August 21, Retrieved December 5,

    2. ^ abLienhard, Jan H. "No. Jan Matzeliger (transcript of radio show Engines of Our Ingenuity episode)". University of Houston. Retrieved 10 November
    3. ^Chamberlain, Gaius (23 March ).

      "Jan Matzeliger".

    4. Jan matzeliger
    5. Jan matzeliger biography invention ideas youtube
    6. Jan matzeliger biography invention ideas free

      7. The Black Inventor Online Museum. Adscape International, LLC. Archived from the original on 19 February Retrieved 10 November

    7. ^"Jan Ernst Matzeliger 'Lasting Machine'". Lemelson-MIT. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 29 February [permanent dead link&#;]
    8. ^Smeulders, Valika (), "Matzeliger, Jan Ernst", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi/acref/, ISBN&#;
    9. ^Kaplan, Sidney (January ).

      "Jan Earnst Matzeliger and the Making of the Shoe". The Journal of Negro History.

      Jan matzeliger biography On March 20, Matzeliger received a patent for the lasting machine which could adjust a shoe, drive in the nails, and produce a finished product in one minute. Matzeliger took night classes and studied English on his own to improve his fluency. At 19, he left Suriname to see the world as a sailor on an East Indian merchant ship. Jan Ernst Matzeliger — was an influential inventor best known for revolutionising the shoe industry with his invention of the shoe-lasting machine.

      40 (1): 8– doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;

    10. ^Tortora, Phyllis G.; Johnson, Ingrid (). The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles (8th&#;ed.). New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
    11. ^"Arago: Black Heritage Series: Jan E. Matzeliger Issue". .

      Retrieved

    12. ^"Thirds to melville S".

    External links