Peter apian biography
Petrus Apianus facts for kids
Petrus Apianus (April 16, – April 21, ), also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, and Peter Bienewitz, was a German humanist, known for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography.
His work on "cosmography", the field that dealt with the earth and its position in the universe, was presented in his most famous publications, Astronomicum Caesareum () and Cosmographicus liber (). His books were extremely influential in his time, with the numerous editions in multiple languages being published until The lunar crater Apianus and asteroid Apian are named in his honour.
Life and work
Apianus was born as Peter Bienewitz (or Bennewitz) in Leisnig in Saxony; his father, Martin, was a shoemaker.
The family was relatively well off, belonging to the middle-class citizenry of Leisnig. Apianus was educated at the Latin school in Rochlitz.
Peter apian biography wikipedia The British Journal for the History of Science. Girolamo Fracastoro also detected this in , but Apian's publication was the first to also include graphics. Peter Geremia, Bl. One aspect of this little work on arithmetic which, like all of Apian's contributions, is highly practical in its aims, was that the title page contained Pascal's triangle.From to he studied at the University of Leipzig; during this time, he Latinized his name to Apianus (lat. apis means "bee"; "Biene" is the German word for bee).
In , Apianus moved to Vienna and continued his studies at the University of Vienna, which was considered one of the leading universities in geography and mathematics at the time and where Georg Tannstetter taught.
When the plague broke out in Vienna in , he completed his studies with a BA and moved to Regensburg and then to Landshut. At Landshut, he produced his Cosmographicus liber (), a highly respected work on astronomy and navigation which was to see more than 40 reprints in four languages (Latin; French, ; Dutch, ; Spanish, ) and that remained popular until the end of the 16th century.
Peter apian biography images S2CID He entered the University of Leipzig where he studied mathematics, astronomy and cosmography. London, UK: Studio Editions. Through his work, Apian became a favourite of emperor Charles V.Later editions were produced by Gemma Frisius.
In , Peter Apianus was called to the University of Ingolstadt as a mathematician and printer. His print shop started small. Among the first books he printed were the writings of Johann Eck, Martin Luther's antagonist.
This print shop was active between and and became well known for its high-quality editions of geographic and cartographic works.
Peter apian biography youtube: Peter Aureoli. Minor Planet Center. Cosmographia provided an introduction to astronomy, geography, cartography, surveying, navigation, weather and climate, the shape of the earth, map projections, and mathematical instruments. Pete Conrad.
It is thought that he used stereotype printing techniques on woodblocks. The printer's logo included the motto Industria superat vires in Greek, Hebrew, and Latin around the figure of a boy.
Through his work, Apianus became a favourite of emperorCharles V, who had praised Cosmographicus liber at the Imperial Diet of and granted him a printing monopoly in and In , the emperor made Apianus an armiger, i.e.
granted him the right to display a coat of arms. In , Apianus printed the Astronomicum Caesareum, dedicated to Charles V. Charles promised him a truly royal sum (3, golden guilders), appointed him his court mathematician, and made him a Reichsritter (a Free Imperial Knight) and in even an Imperial Count Palatine.
Peter apian biography wife References [ edit ]. Among the first books he printed were the writings of Johann Eck, Martin Luther's antagonist. In other projects. It presented much of the same material but in a considerably more elegant and polished way.All this furthered Apianus's reputation as an eminent scientist. Astronomicum Caesareum is noted for its visual appeal. Printed and bound decoratively, with about known copies, it included several Volvelles that allowed users to calculate dates, the positions of constellations and so on. Apianus noted that it took a month to produce some of the plates.
Peter apian biography Peter Aureol c. Charles promised him a truly royal sum 3, golden guilders , [ a ] appointed him his court mathematician, and made him a Reichsritter a free imperial knight and in even an Imperial Count Palatine. From this point his career really took off although the arithmetic book which he published in that year was not a major factor. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.Thirty-five octagonal paper cut instruments were included with woodcuts that are thought to have been made by Hans Brosamer (c. – ) who may have trained under Lucas Cranach, Sr. in Wittemberg. It also incorporated star and constellation names from the work of the Arab astronomer Azophi (Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi AD –). Apianus is also remembered for publishing the only known depiction of the Bedouin constellations in On this map Ursa Minor is an old woman and three maidens, Draco is four camels and Cepheus was illustrated as a shepherd with sheep and dog.
Despite many calls from other universities, including Leipzig, Padua, Tübingen, and Vienna, Apianus remained in Ingolstadt until his death.
Although he neglected his teaching duties, the university evidently was proud to host such an esteemed scientist. Apianus's work included in mathematics—in he published a variation of Pascal's triangle, and in a table of sines— as well as astronomy. In , he observed Halley's Comet and noted that a comet's tail always point away from the sun.
Girolamo Fracastoro also detected this in , but Apianus's publication was the first to also include graphics. He designed sundials, published manuals for astronomical instruments and crafted volvelles ("Apian wheels"), measuring instruments useful for calculating time and distance for astronomical and astrological applications.
Apianus married the daughter of a councilman of Landshut, Katharina Mosner, in They would have fourteen children together, five girls and nine sons, one of whom was Philipp Apian (–), who, in addition to his own research, preserved the legacy of his father.
Works
(also called Cosmographia)
- Ein newe und wolgegründete underweisung aller Kauffmanns Rechnung in dreyen Büchern, mit schönen Regeln und fragstücken begriffen, Ingolstadt A handbook of commercial arithmetic; depicted in the painting The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger.
- Cosmographiae introductio, cum quibusdam Geometriae ac Astronomiae principiis ad eam rem necessariis, Ingolstadt
- Ein kurtzer bericht der Observation unnd urtels des jüngst erschinnen Cometen, Ingolstadt On his comet observations.
- Quadrans Apiani astronomicus, Ingolstadt On quadrants.
- Horoscopion Apiani, Ingolstadt On sundials.
- Instrument Buch, Ingolstadt A scientific book on astronomical instruments in German.
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On trigonometry, contains sine tables.
Instrumentum primi mobilis,
See also
In Spanish: Pedro Apiano para niños